Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Hesitancy and Digital Literacy: Evidence from the European countries

This study documents the relationship between computer skills/digital literacy and influenza vaccination take-up among older adults in Europe during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Using data from the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe, we find a positive partial association between influenza vaccination take-up and two indicators of computer skills/digital literacy, self-assessed pre-pandemic computer skills and having used a computer at work in any pre-pandemic job. We do not estimate significant behavioural changes for individuals with better computer skills that may have been driven by spillover effects from the pandemic experience.