Quantitative noncontact measurement of thermal Hall angle and transverse thermal conductivity by lock-in thermography

We propose and demonstrate a quantitative noncontact measurement method for the thermal Hall effect (THE) based on magnetic-field-modulated lock-in thermography. This method enables visualization of THE-induced temperature change and quantitative estimation of the thermal Hall angle $θ_{\rm THE}$ by applying periodic magnetic fields to a sample and obtaining the first harmonic response of thermal images. By combining this method with LIT-based measurement techniques for the longitudinal thermal ...